The eruption of an event occurring due to deposition of magma in the earth that is pushed out by high pressure gas.
Magma is incandescent fluid contained in the layer of earth at a very high temperature, which is estimated at more than 1,000 ° C. Liquid magma out of the earth is called lava. Temperature issued lava could reach 700-1200 ° C. Volcanic eruptions that brought rock and ash can gush as far as the radius of 18 km or more, while the lava could be flooded as far as the radius of 90 km. Not all volcanoes erupt frequently. The volcano is often called active volcanoes erupt.
Undeniably, volcanic eruptions are much debated among the public, especially concerning strong eruptions caused by impacts. Therefore here is the most powerful volcanic eruption ever in the world.
Magma is incandescent fluid contained in the layer of earth at a very high temperature, which is estimated at more than 1,000 ° C. Liquid magma out of the earth is called lava. Temperature issued lava could reach 700-1200 ° C. Volcanic eruptions that brought rock and ash can gush as far as the radius of 18 km or more, while the lava could be flooded as far as the radius of 90 km. Not all volcanoes erupt frequently. The volcano is often called active volcanoes erupt.
Undeniably, volcanic eruptions are much debated among the public, especially concerning strong eruptions caused by impacts. Therefore here is the most powerful volcanic eruption ever in the world.
- Krakatau, Indonesia - VEI 6
1883 eruption of Krakatau occurred in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), which began on August 26, 1883 (with symptoms in early May) and culminating with a terrific explosion that brought down the caldera. On August 27, 1883, two thirds of the Krakatau eruption collapsed in a chain, to eliminate most of the islands around it. Seismic activity persisted until February 1884. This eruption is one of the most deadly volcanic eruption and the most destructive in history, causing at least 36,417 deaths as a result of the eruption and the resulting tsunami. This eruption impact can also be felt in all corners.
Effects experienced on a global scale. Fine ash from the eruption of Krakatau to reach New York City. The explosion was heard over 3000 miles away. Volcanic ash blown into the upper atmosphere thus affecting incoming solar radiation and affect weather on Earth for several years.
A series of tsunami waves big generated by the main explosion until it reaches a height of nearly 40 meters (over 120 feet) above sea level, killing more than 36,000 people in coastal towns and villages along the Sunda Strait, the island of Java and Sumatra. The tsunami waves recorded up to the rest of the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the West Coast of America, South America, and even as far as the English Channel.
Effects experienced on a global scale. Fine ash from the eruption of Krakatau to reach New York City. The explosion was heard over 3000 miles away. Volcanic ash blown into the upper atmosphere thus affecting incoming solar radiation and affect weather on Earth for several years.
A series of tsunami waves big generated by the main explosion until it reaches a height of nearly 40 meters (over 120 feet) above sea level, killing more than 36,000 people in coastal towns and villages along the Sunda Strait, the island of Java and Sumatra. The tsunami waves recorded up to the rest of the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the West Coast of America, South America, and even as far as the English Channel.
- Ambrym, Vanuatu Republic - VEI 6 +
Ambrym is the name of a volcanic island in the archipelago of Vanuatu in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The eruption that occurred during the period of 50 SM is the most major eruptions in history with VEI level 6+, eruption sent a wave of hot ash and dust that make up the 12 km-wide caldera.
Since 1774, the mountain has erupted at least 50 times and is one of the most active volcanoes and dangerous in the world. In 1894, six people were killed by the bomb and four were exposed to volcanic lava flows, in 1979, acid rain caused by the volcano burned by some residents.
Since 1774, the mountain has erupted at least 50 times and is one of the most active volcanoes and dangerous in the world. In 1894, six people were killed by the bomb and four were exposed to volcanic lava flows, in 1979, acid rain caused by the volcano burned by some residents.
- Ilopango, El Salvador - VEI 6 +
Although this mountain in central El Salvador, only a few km east of the capital San Salvador, but has suffered two eruptions in history. The first known eruption was Doozy, blanketing large parts of central and western El Salvador with pumice and ash spewing, destroying the Maya cities and forcing people to evacuate.
These disrupted trade, and the centres of the Mayan civilization shifted from highland areas of El Salvador to the low-lying areas in the north and Guatemala. Peak caldera now has turned into one of the largest lakes in El Salvador.
These disrupted trade, and the centres of the Mayan civilization shifted from highland areas of El Salvador to the low-lying areas in the north and Guatemala. Peak caldera now has turned into one of the largest lakes in El Salvador.
- Baekdu, China / North Korea - VEI 6 +
Erupted about 100 BC with 6+ VEI scale that is almost equal VEI Thera Mountain. Located on the border of China and North Korea. The explosion spewed volcanic material up to a radius of 1,200 kilometres to the North of Japan. Last erupted in 1702, according to geologists, the mountain is now no longer active. Gas emissions were reported out of the peak of the hot springs in 1994, but there was no further evidence of volcanic activity since then. Now, caldera created by the eruption of the volcano filled with water and become lakes. The lake became a popular tourist destination because of its natural beauty and the myth of the existence of creatures believed to inhabit the lake.
- Thera (Santorini), Greece - VEI 7
Thera eruption or Santorini eruption is also known as a catastrophic eruption of the volcano with the Volcanic Explosively Index (VEI) reaches 7 or equivalent to several hundred times the atomic bomb that was detonated in Nagasaki and Hiroshima to shake the whole mainland Mediterranean.
The eruption destroyed the island of Thera including Minoan settlement of Akrotiri, as well as communities and agricultural areas nearby islands and on the coast of Crete.
Geologists reported that this eruption could be the most powerful volcanic eruption ever witnessed. Super-powerful eruption caused the extinction of the Minoan culture are also inspired ancient cultures as "The Lost Atlantis".
The eruption destroyed the island of Thera including Minoan settlement of Akrotiri, as well as communities and agricultural areas nearby islands and on the coast of Crete.
Geologists reported that this eruption could be the most powerful volcanic eruption ever witnessed. Super-powerful eruption caused the extinction of the Minoan culture are also inspired ancient cultures as "The Lost Atlantis".
- Tambora, Indonesia - VEI 7
Mount Tambora in the area of Sumbawa has erupted with the largest eruption ever recorded in human history. Data Volcanic Explosively Index (VEI) it was recorded at VEI 7 eruption that occurred in 1815 ago is the explosion heard up to the island of Sumatra, which is about 1,930 km away, and a thick ash cloud spread to Sri Lanka and Australia.
These events claimed many victims, about 71,000 people died, as well as the heat that burst pierce the atmosphere to cause global climate change. Recorded in 1816, in Europe and America there was no summer and is known as "the year without summer" in which humans and animals freeze, crops fail and people are terrified to think that the end is coming. Cold temperatures also cause depletion of foodstuffs, starvation occurs everywhere as wheat and potato crop failure in the southwest and the north of Ireland. Prices of basic commodities soar, rioting and looting much happening in the markets and shops.
Weather disrupted in all directions, ie in Western Europe, America and Asia. Cholera and typhoid epidemic disease, frost throughout the year in New England and Canada. This phenomenon is called global cooling or global cooling. The eruption of Mount Tambora 100 times more powerful than Mount Thera, while the eruption of Thera 4 times more powerful than the eruption of Krakatau. It is remarkable terrible.
These events claimed many victims, about 71,000 people died, as well as the heat that burst pierce the atmosphere to cause global climate change. Recorded in 1816, in Europe and America there was no summer and is known as "the year without summer" in which humans and animals freeze, crops fail and people are terrified to think that the end is coming. Cold temperatures also cause depletion of foodstuffs, starvation occurs everywhere as wheat and potato crop failure in the southwest and the north of Ireland. Prices of basic commodities soar, rioting and looting much happening in the markets and shops.
Weather disrupted in all directions, ie in Western Europe, America and Asia. Cholera and typhoid epidemic disease, frost throughout the year in New England and Canada. This phenomenon is called global cooling or global cooling. The eruption of Mount Tambora 100 times more powerful than Mount Thera, while the eruption of Thera 4 times more powerful than the eruption of Krakatau. It is remarkable terrible.
- Taupo (Hatepe), New Zealand - VEI 7
Taupo Volcanic Zone is an active volcanic areas in the North Island of New Zealand. This area is named after Lake Taupo, which is the largest volcanic caldera vomit in the area
Mount Taupo is located in the center of New Zealand on the North Island, this mountain is a large volcanic caldera rhyolitic. The Most terrible eruption makes its biggest volcanic eruptions in geological history.
Mount Taupo is part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, an area of volcanic activity stretching from Ruapehu in the South, through Taupo and Rotorua regions, to White Island, in the Bay of Plenty
Taupo began erupting about 300,000 years ago, but the main eruption around 26,500 years ago, this is now forming eruption Taupo caldera. The volcano is expected to erupt aan once every 100 years or more.
Mount Taupo is located in the center of New Zealand on the North Island, this mountain is a large volcanic caldera rhyolitic. The Most terrible eruption makes its biggest volcanic eruptions in geological history.
Mount Taupo is part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, an area of volcanic activity stretching from Ruapehu in the South, through Taupo and Rotorua regions, to White Island, in the Bay of Plenty
Taupo began erupting about 300,000 years ago, but the main eruption around 26,500 years ago, this is now forming eruption Taupo caldera. The volcano is expected to erupt aan once every 100 years or more.
- Samalas (Rinjani), Indonesia - VEI 7+
According to the researchers, it was around the year 1257 there are other volcanoes in Indonesia, which also broke out with a vengeance. Mountain named Samalas in Lombok is blamed as the cause of abrupt climate change in the Middle Ages to the European region and its surroundings.
Even traces of ash and a few flakes of chemical, can be found in the ice both in the North Pole or the South Pole. Because of the eruptions, in addition to the many people who died, at the time the temperature dropped dramatically and many farmers who experienced crop failure.
Professor Clive Oppenheimer from Cambridge University, UK, revealed that the current structure Samalas mountain is almost no trace because of the explosion that is expected to reach a height of 40 km into the air.
In fact, because of the magnitude of the eruption and its eruption, the mountain Samalas itself eventually collapsed and created a caldera that is now named Segara Anak. And estimated eruption this one is more powerful than the Tambora and Krakatau.
Previously, other researchers say that climate changes occur suddenly due Okataina volcanic eruption in New Zealand and El Chichon in Mexico, yet another proof that states that Samalas be a strong candidate as the 'culprit.'.
In addition to being a 'doer' sudden change of climate in most regions of the planet, eruption and the eruption Samalas also been linked with local history, namely the fall of the Kingdom of Lombok around the 13th century.
Other evidence, as outlined in National Geographic is the presence of text in the language Java, Lombok Chronicle, which tells a great eruption of the giant volcano named Samalas which eventually created a caldera.
Even traces of ash and a few flakes of chemical, can be found in the ice both in the North Pole or the South Pole. Because of the eruptions, in addition to the many people who died, at the time the temperature dropped dramatically and many farmers who experienced crop failure.
Professor Clive Oppenheimer from Cambridge University, UK, revealed that the current structure Samalas mountain is almost no trace because of the explosion that is expected to reach a height of 40 km into the air.
In fact, because of the magnitude of the eruption and its eruption, the mountain Samalas itself eventually collapsed and created a caldera that is now named Segara Anak. And estimated eruption this one is more powerful than the Tambora and Krakatau.
Previously, other researchers say that climate changes occur suddenly due Okataina volcanic eruption in New Zealand and El Chichon in Mexico, yet another proof that states that Samalas be a strong candidate as the 'culprit.'.
In addition to being a 'doer' sudden change of climate in most regions of the planet, eruption and the eruption Samalas also been linked with local history, namely the fall of the Kingdom of Lombok around the 13th century.
Other evidence, as outlined in National Geographic is the presence of text in the language Java, Lombok Chronicle, which tells a great eruption of the giant volcano named Samalas which eventually created a caldera.
- Toba, Indonesia - VEI 8
Mount Toba is a giant volcano is an active volcano in the category of very large, estimated last erupted about 74,000 years ago.
In 1939, the Dutch geologist Van Bemmelen reported, Lake Toba, a 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, surrounded by a pumice stone relics of the eruption. Therefore, Van Bemmelen concluded, Toba is a volcano. Later, some other researchers discovered dust rhyolite (rhyolite) were the same age as the rocks Toba in Malaysia, even as far as 3,000 kilometres to the north up to Central India.
Some oceanographers also reported finding traces of rock Toba Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. Researchers beginning, Van Bemmelen also Aldiss and Ghazali (1984) has assumed Toba eruption created through an all-powerful. However, other researchers, Vestappen (1961), Yokoyama and Hehanusa (1981), and Nishimura (1984), suspected caldera was created through several eruptions. Researchers later, Knight and his colleagues (1986) and Chesner and Rose (1991), provides an estimate of more detail: Toba caldera created through the three giant eruption.
Research around Toba has not ended to this day. So, there are still many mysteries behind the sleeping giant. One researcher Toba It is the latest generation of Indonesian Fauzi, a seismologist at the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency. Physics graduate of the University of Indonesia graduate of 1985 earned a doctorate from Renssealer Polytechnic Institute, New York, in 1998, for his research on Toba.
Previous Mount Toba erupted three times. The first eruption occurred about 800 thousand years ago. This eruption resulted in the south of Lake Toba caldera, covers an area of Prapat and Porsea. The second eruption which has a smaller force, occurred 500 thousand years ago. Caldera forming eruption in the north of Lake Toba. Precisely in the area between Silalahi with Haranggaol. This eruption of two, the third eruption was the most powerful. The third eruption 74,000 years ago produced the caldera, and be present with Lake Toba Samosir Island in the middle.
Mount Toba super volcano is classified. This is because Mount Toba has large pockets of magma that if a large caldera erupts once. Ordinary volcano caldera average of its hundreds of meters, while super volcano can reach tens of kilometres.
What is interesting is the gravity anomaly in Toba. According to the law of gravity, from one place to the other will have the same force of gravity when it has a mass, and the relativity of the same height. If there are other materials that are in situ with different masses, then its a different style. Imagine the mountain erupted. A lot of the material that comes out, it means losing its mass and the force reduced. Then what happens up-lifting (removal). This is what causes the appearance of the island.
Magma beneath the pressed upwards, slowly. He had no power to erupt. This movement seeks to adapt to normal gravity. This occurs within a period of thousands of years. Naidoo raised only because it is the weakest area. While other areas of the caldera wall.
In 1939, the Dutch geologist Van Bemmelen reported, Lake Toba, a 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, surrounded by a pumice stone relics of the eruption. Therefore, Van Bemmelen concluded, Toba is a volcano. Later, some other researchers discovered dust rhyolite (rhyolite) were the same age as the rocks Toba in Malaysia, even as far as 3,000 kilometres to the north up to Central India.
Some oceanographers also reported finding traces of rock Toba Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. Researchers beginning, Van Bemmelen also Aldiss and Ghazali (1984) has assumed Toba eruption created through an all-powerful. However, other researchers, Vestappen (1961), Yokoyama and Hehanusa (1981), and Nishimura (1984), suspected caldera was created through several eruptions. Researchers later, Knight and his colleagues (1986) and Chesner and Rose (1991), provides an estimate of more detail: Toba caldera created through the three giant eruption.
Research around Toba has not ended to this day. So, there are still many mysteries behind the sleeping giant. One researcher Toba It is the latest generation of Indonesian Fauzi, a seismologist at the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency. Physics graduate of the University of Indonesia graduate of 1985 earned a doctorate from Renssealer Polytechnic Institute, New York, in 1998, for his research on Toba.
Previous Mount Toba erupted three times. The first eruption occurred about 800 thousand years ago. This eruption resulted in the south of Lake Toba caldera, covers an area of Prapat and Porsea. The second eruption which has a smaller force, occurred 500 thousand years ago. Caldera forming eruption in the north of Lake Toba. Precisely in the area between Silalahi with Haranggaol. This eruption of two, the third eruption was the most powerful. The third eruption 74,000 years ago produced the caldera, and be present with Lake Toba Samosir Island in the middle.
Mount Toba super volcano is classified. This is because Mount Toba has large pockets of magma that if a large caldera erupts once. Ordinary volcano caldera average of its hundreds of meters, while super volcano can reach tens of kilometres.
What is interesting is the gravity anomaly in Toba. According to the law of gravity, from one place to the other will have the same force of gravity when it has a mass, and the relativity of the same height. If there are other materials that are in situ with different masses, then its a different style. Imagine the mountain erupted. A lot of the material that comes out, it means losing its mass and the force reduced. Then what happens up-lifting (removal). This is what causes the appearance of the island.
Magma beneath the pressed upwards, slowly. He had no power to erupt. This movement seeks to adapt to normal gravity. This occurs within a period of thousands of years. Naidoo raised only because it is the weakest area. While other areas of the caldera wall.
- La Garita, Amerika - VEI 9+
If there Volcanic Explosively Index (VEI) 9 to measure the strength of volcanic eruptions, the La Garita will occupy VEI 9. La Garita is a large volcanic caldera located in the San Juan southwest Colorado, USA.
By studying samples of rocks, geographical maps, layers of dust and ice, the researchers managed to reconstruct some of the biggest eruptions. Including that erupted in a matter of hundreds of millions of years ago.
And it turns out, most powerful eruption in the history of planet Earth is the eruption of La Garita, San Juan Mountains in south western Colorado. The volcano erupted about 27 million years ago. At that time, the mountain spewed 5 thousand cubic kilometres of lava was enough to cover the whole territory of California up to a thickness of 12 metres.
According to USGS data, as quoted by Live Science, November 11, 2010, the eruption was also the largest eruptions since the Ordovician era that lasted between 504 to 438 million years ago. Because of the enormity of the eruption, the report Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004, scientists recommended number 9 on the VEI scale and mention the La Garita eruption reached the scale of 9.2 and is the only eruptions that can achieve scale 9 as the eruption of the greatest of all time.
By studying samples of rocks, geographical maps, layers of dust and ice, the researchers managed to reconstruct some of the biggest eruptions. Including that erupted in a matter of hundreds of millions of years ago.
And it turns out, most powerful eruption in the history of planet Earth is the eruption of La Garita, San Juan Mountains in south western Colorado. The volcano erupted about 27 million years ago. At that time, the mountain spewed 5 thousand cubic kilometres of lava was enough to cover the whole territory of California up to a thickness of 12 metres.
According to USGS data, as quoted by Live Science, November 11, 2010, the eruption was also the largest eruptions since the Ordovician era that lasted between 504 to 438 million years ago. Because of the enormity of the eruption, the report Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004, scientists recommended number 9 on the VEI scale and mention the La Garita eruption reached the scale of 9.2 and is the only eruptions that can achieve scale 9 as the eruption of the greatest of all time.
